Saturday, August 29, 2009

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Neurology

Traditionally neurologists have been considered masterful diagnosticians. Fellow physicians often rely on neurologists to sort out complex historical and examination data in order to arrive at a diagnosis and plan of action. Our specialty is also known for its expertise in the continuing longitudinal care of patients with serious illnesses that impact social and occupational function. Several neurologic diseases result in chronic pain, e.g., stroke, multiple sclerosis, and radiculopathy. For these reasons, neurologists are well suited to the practice of pain medicine.

One of the first US neurologists to contribute to pain medicine was Silas Weir Mitchell. In Injuries of Nerves and Their Consequences, he gave detailed case descriptions of causalgia (complex regional pain syndrome) and phantom limb pain. Subsequently, the concept of multidisciplinary pain management was pioneered by John Bonica, who founded the first interdisciplinary pain clinic in 1947 at Tacoma General Hospital. Currently, the practice of pain medicine involves physicians from multiple specialties including physiatry, psychiatry, anesthesiology, neurosurgery, and neurology.

How to lose weight the healthy way

The healthiest way to lose weight is neither crash diets nor bursts of exercise. The body likes slow changes in terms of food and exercise.

For example, someone who has not exercised for years should not rush into running miles a day or pounding the treadmill. Not only will the struggle to do so leave you feeling disheartened and demotivated, you're also far more likely to injure yourself and set your fitness levels back further.

The same goes for people who suddenly start starving themselves. Diets that severely restrict calories or the types of food 'allowed' can lead you to be deficient in the nutrients and vitamins that your body needs.

So if you need to lose weight, what should you do?

How to Take Heart Medication

How to Take Heart Medication
Your doctor may prescribe a variety of heart medications you can take to treat or prevent heart disease. These drugs may help lower your blood pressure, reduce the level of cholesterol in your blood, or help your body get rid of excess fluids that put a strain on your heart's ability to pump blood.

Heart medication needs vary for each person. Whatever the treatment protocol prescribed to you, it is a good idea to keep the following guidelines in mind when you're taking heart disease medication.

Here are some tips for taking drugs for your heart disease:

Know the names of your heart medications and how they work. Know the generic and brand names, dosages, and side effects of your medications. Always keep a list of your medications with you.
Take your heart medications as scheduled, at the same time every day. Do not stop taking or change your medications unless you first talk with your doctor. Even if you feel good, continue to take your medications. Stopping your medications suddenly can make your condition worse.
Have a routine for taking your heart medications. Get a pillbox that is marked with the days of the week. Fill the pillbox at the beginning of each week to make it easier for you to remember.
Keep a medicine calendar and note every time you take a dose. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose, but your doctor may change your dosage periodically, depending on your response to the medication. On your medication calendar, you can list any changes in your drug dosages as prescribed by your doctor.
Do not decrease your drug dosage to save money. You must take the full amount to get the full benefits. Talk with your doctor about ways you can reduce the costs of your medications.
Do not take any over-the-counter drugs or herbal therapies unless you ask your doctor first. Some drugs, such as antacids, salt substitutes, antihistamines (including Benadryl and Dimetapp), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs, such as Advil, Motrin, and Indocin), can worsen heart failure symptoms.

heart diseases

Symptoms of Heart Disease
Coronary artery disease, heart attack -- each type of heart disease has different symptoms, although many heart problems have similar warning signs. The symptoms you experience depend on the type and severity of your heart condition. Learn to recognize your symptoms and the situations that cause them. Call your doctor if you begin to have new symptoms or if they become more frequent or severe.

Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease
The most common symptom of coronary artery disease is angina, or chest pain. Angina can be described as a discomfort, heaviness, pressure, aching, burning, fullness, squeezing, or painful feeling in your chest. It can be mistaken for indigestion or heartburn. Angina is usually felt in the chest, but may also be felt in the shoulders, arms, neck, throat, jaw, or back.

Other symptoms of coronary artery disease include:

Shortness of breath
Palpitations (irregular heart beats, skipped beats, or a "flip-flop" feeling in your chest)
A faster heartbeat
Weakness or dizziness
Nausea
Sweating
Symptoms of a Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction or MI)
Symptoms of a heart attack can include:

Discomfort, pressure, heaviness, or pain in the chest, arm, or below the breastbone
Discomfort radiating to the back, jaw, throat, or arm
Fullness, indigestion, or choking feeling (may feel like heartburn)
Sweating, nausea, vomiting, or dizziness
Extreme weakness, anxiety, or shortness of breath
Rapid or irregular heartbeats
During a heart attack, symptoms typically last 30 minutes or longer and are not relieved by rest or oral medications (medications taken by mouth). Initial symptoms can start as a mild discomfort that progresses to significant pain.

Some people have a heart attack without having any symptoms (a "silent" MI). A silent MI can occur among all people, though it occurs more often among diabetics.

If you think you are having a heart attack, DO NOT DELAY. Call for emergency help (dial 911 in most areas). Immediate treatment of a heart attack is very important to lessen the amount of damage to your heart.

Symptoms of Arrhythmias
When symptoms of arrhythmias, or an abnormal heart rhythm, are present, they may include:

Palpitations (a feeling of skipped heart beats, fluttering or "flip-flops," or feeling that your heart is "running away").
Pounding in your chest.
Dizziness or feeling light-headed.
Fainting.
Shortness of breath.
Chest discomfort.
Weakness or fatigue (feeling very tired).

american diabetes association

Alexandria, VA (August 3, 2009)—For years, the A1C blood test has given diabetes patients and health care providers an invaluable tool for measuring diabetes control and guiding treatment decisions. However, another value, called estimated Average Glucose (eAG), may start to show up on lab reports and provide health care providers with an easier way to talk with their patients about blood glucose control. Related Links:


"Estimated average glucose is a new way to report glucose control based on the A1C test," said Sue McLaughlin, BS, RD, CDE, CPT, President, Health Care & Education, American Diabetes Association. "eAG will help patients better understand what their daily glucose testing means and if they are moving in the right direction when it comes to diabetes control."

To support health care providers, the American Diabetes Association is making available a new eAG Tool Kit to help patients better understand how their A1C relates to their daily diabetes management. The eAG Tool Kit offers easy-to-use health care provider and patient resources and supplies the necessary tools and materials to understand eAG. The kit contains a patient tear pad with information explaining the importance of eAG, an A1C to eAG conversion wheel, two 11" x 17" posters to hang up in patient exam rooms and an eAG to A1C calculator.

American Diabetes

American Diabetes Association Scientific Journals Lead in Performance Rankings


ALEXANDRIA, VA, Aug 06, 2009 (MARKETWIRE via COMTEX) -- Diabetes and Diabetes Care, the flagship research publications of the American Diabetes Association, remain the highest-ranked journals devoted exclusively to diabetes research and treatment.

Based on Thomson Reuters' recently released 2008 Journal Citation Reports, Diabetes continues to lead the way among publications devoted to original diabetes research, with an Impact Factor of 8.4. Diabetes Care has an Impact Factor of 7.4 and is the highest-ranked journal with a focus on diabetes treatment and care.

Impact Factor is a measure of how often work published in a peer-reviewed journal is cited by other researchers. The statistic is considered a measure of a journal's prestige and influence.

"One only has to look at the clinical research data regarding patients with diabetes and heart disease that have been released over the past year to realize how fast things are changing in the clinical care of individuals with diabetes," said William Cefalu, MD, Associate Editor for Diabetes and former Associate Editor for Diabetes Care. "As a provider, the American Diabetes Association's journals are considered the standard in providing the latest information to keep me up to date on current practice guidelines for treating patients with diabetes. As a researcher, they provide the latest in ground-breaking research not only in my area of interest, but in all research areas related to diabetes."

Diabetes and Diabetes Care also lead diabetes research publications in Eigenfactor, a measure of the overall value provided by articles in a given journal, and Article Influence Score, a measure of a journal's prominence based on per-article citations. Combined, the journals receive more than 40,000 total citations per year and publish more than 800 peer-reviewed articles each year.

Given the statistical performance, volume, and the cost of subscribing to each publication, Diabetes and Diabetes Care are considered to be two of the best valued and most "cost-effective" publications in the entire field of medicine, according to http://www.journalprices.com.

"In my role as a clinician and researcher, I have relied on the American Diabetes Association's journals for many years as an invaluable resource for treating patients with diabetes and keeping up with the newest research pertaining to diabetes," says Jay Sosenko, MD, former Editorial Board member of Diabetes Care.

To learn more about Diabetes and Diabetes Care, please visit http://www.diabetesjournals.org.

For further information about Impact Factors, please visit http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/academic/impact_factor The American Diabetes Association is leading the fight against the deadly consequences of diabetes and fighting for those affected by diabetes. The Association funds research to prevent, cure and manage diabetes; delivers services to hundreds of communities; provides objective and credible information; and gives voice to those denied their rights because of diabetes. Founded in 1940, its mission is to prevent and cure diabetes and to improve the lives of all people affected by diabetes. For more information, please call the American Diabetes Association at 1-800-DIABETES (1-800-342-2383

american diabetes

One Drug Fights Fat And Diabetes in Mice


WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Researchers searching for a cure for obesity said on Thursday they have developed a drug that not only makes mice lose weight, but reverses diabetes and lowers their cholesterol, too.

The drug, which they have dubbed fatostatin, stops the body from making fat, instead releasing the energy from food. They hope it may lead to a pill that would fight obesity, diabetes and cholesterol, all at once.

Writing in the journal Chemistry and Biology, Salih Wakil of Baylor College of Medicine in Texas, Motonari Uesugi of Kyoto University in Japan and colleagues said the drug interferes with a suite of genes turned on by overeating.

"Here, we are tackling the basics," Wakil said in a telephone interview. "I think that is what excited us."

Scientists are painfully aware that drugs that can make mice thin do nothing of the sort in humans. A hormone called leptin can make rats and mice drop weight almost miraculously but does little or nothing for an obese person, for instance.

But Wakil, whose team has patented the drug and is looking for a drug company to partner with, hopes this drug may be different. "I am very, very optimistic," he said.

Fatostatin is a small molecule, meaning it has the potential to be absorbed in pill form.

It works on so-called sterol regulatory element binding proteins or SREBPs, which are transcription factors that activate genes involved in making cholesterol and fatty acids.

"Fatostatin blocked increases in body weight, blood glucose, and hepatic (liver) fat accumulation in (genetically) obese mice, even under uncontrolled food intake," the researchers wrote.

Genetic tests showed the drug affected 63 different genes.

The idea of interfering with SREBP is not new. GlaxoSmithKline has been working on a new-generation cholesterol drug that uses this pathway.

After four weeks, mice injected with fatostatin weighed 12 percent less and had 70 percent lower blood sugar levels, the researchers wrote.

Now they plan to test rats and rabbits, Wakil said.

The drug also had effects on prostate cancer cells they said -- something that may help explain links between prostate cancer and obesity.

SOURCE: Chemistry and Biology, August 28, 2009.

Copyright ? 2006 Reuters Limited. All rights reserved. Republication or redistribution of Reuters content, including by framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Reuters. Reuters shall not be liable for any errors or delays in the content, or for any actions taken in reliance thereon. Reuters and the Reuters sphere logo are registered trademarks and trademarks of the Reuters group of companies around the world.

Tuesday, August 25, 2009

online nursing degrees

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No classes to attend, no traffic or parking to worry about. Earn your degree when and where you want, 24/7 from the nation's leading colleges and universities! You can also take accredited online nursing continuing education courses, and explore nursing specialties, or allied health career pathways, read helpful career articles, and find nursing scholarships in our student resource center

onlie college

The Online College of Greenville Technical College offers students many different options to pursue their academic goals in a manner that conforms to their schedule and needs. Throughout our website you will find information about how to register for classes,what types of classes we offer (online, video, teleclasses, hybrid, etc.), how to get technical support, whom to contact when you need more information, and a lot more.

The types of courses we offer at Online College are asynchronous or synchronous—fancy words for simple concepts! Asynchronous means that not everyone in the class is meeting at the same time; in fact, asynchronous courses such as online courses or videocourses allow students to attend class at any time of day or night (though some courses have on-campus assessments that must be scheduled), and the instructor may not be in the class at the same time the students are. Synchronous classes, like teleclasses or hybrids, meet on campus at certain scheduled times, and the students and instructors are present in class at the same time.

Before taking tramadol

Before taking tramadol
You should not take tramadol if you have ever been addicted to drugs or alcohol, if you are currently intoxicated (drunk), or if you have recently used any of the following drugs:
alcohol;

narcotic pain medicine;

sedatives or tranquilizers (such as Valium);

medicine for depression or anxiety;

medicine for mental illness (such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia); or

street drugs.

Seizures have occurred in some people taking tramadol. Your risk of a seizure may be higher if you have any of these conditions:

a history of drug or alcohol addiction;

a history of epilepsy or other seizure disorder;

a history of head injury;

a metabolic disorder; or

if you are also taking an antidepressant, muscle relaxer, or medicine for nausea and vomiting.

Talk with your doctor about your individual risk of having a seizure while taking tramadol.

Before taking tramadol, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:

kidney disease;

liver disease;

a stomach disorder; or

a history of depression, mental illness, or suicide attempt.

If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take tramadol.

FDA pregnancy category C. This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tramadol may also cause serious or fatal side effects in a newborn if the mother uses the medication during pregnancy or labor. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Tramadol can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Tramadol should not be given to a child younger than 18 years of age.



How should I take tramadol?
Take tramadol exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take it in larger doses or for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Do not take more than 300 milligrams of tramadol in one day.

Take this medication with a full glass of water.
Tramadol can be taken with or without food, but take it the same way each time.

Do not crush the tramadol tablet. This medicine is for oral (by mouth) use only. Powder from a crushed tablet should not be inhaled or diluted with liquid and injected into the body. Using this medicine by inhalation or injection can cause life-threatening side effects, overdose, or death. Do not crush, chew, break, or open a controlled-release, delayed-release, or extended-release tablet or capsule. Swallow the pill whole. Breaking or opening the pill may cause too much of the drug to be released at one time.
If you use the tramadol extended-release tablet, the tablet shell may pass into your stools (bowel movements). This is normal and does not mean that you are not receiving enough of the medicine.

Tramadol may be habit-forming. Tell your doctor if you feel the medicine is not working as well in relieving your pain. Do not change your dose without talking to your doctor. Do not stop using tramadol suddenly, or you could have unpleasant withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, sweating, nausea, diarrhea, tremors, chills, hallucinations, trouble sleeping, or breathing problems. Talk to your doctor about how to avoid withdrawal symptoms when stopping the medication. Store tramadol at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep track of how many pills have been used from each new bottle of this medicine. Tramadol is a drug of abuse and you should be aware if any person in the household is using this medicine improperly or without a prescription.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. A tramadol overdose can be fatal.
Overdose symptoms may include drowsiness, shallow breathing, slow heartbeat, extreme weakness, cold or clammy skin, feeling light-headed, fainting, or coma.

What should I avoid while taking tramadol?
Do not drink alcohol while you are taking tramadol. Alcohol may cause a dangerous decrease in your breathing when used together with tramadol. Cold or allergy medicine, narcotic pain medicine, sleeping pills, muscle relaxers, and medicine for seizures, depression or anxiety can add to sleepiness caused by tramadol. Tell your doctor if you regularly use any of these other medicines. Tramadol can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert.
Tramadol side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using tramadol and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
seizure (convulsions);

what is Tramadol

what is Tramadol
Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever.

Tramadol is used to treat moderate to severe pain. Tramadol extended-release is used to treat moderate to severe chronic pain when treatment is needed around the clock.

Tramadol may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Important information about tramadol
You should not take tramadol if you have ever been addicted to drugs or alcohol.
Seizures (convulsions) have occurred in some people taking tramadol. You may be more likely to have a seizure while taking tramadol if you have a history of seizures or head injury, a metabolic disorder, or if you are taking certain medicines such as antidepressants, muscle relaxers, or medicine for nausea and vomiting.

Take tramadol exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take it in larger doses or for longer than recommended by your doctor. Do not take more than 300 milligrams of tramadol in one day.

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. A tramadol overdose can be fatal. Overdose symptoms of a tramadol overdose may include drowsiness, shallow breathing, slow heartbeat, extreme weakness, cold or clammy skin, feeling light-headed, fainting, or coma. Tramadol may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Tramadol should never be given to another person, especially someone who has a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it. Tramadol can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert. Do not stop using tramadol suddenly, or you could have unpleasant withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, sweating, nausea, diarrhea, tremors, chills, hallucinations, trouble sleeping, or breathing problems. Talk to your doctor about how to avoid withdrawal symptoms when stopping the medication. Do not crush the tramadol tablet. This medicine is for oral (by mouth) use only. Powder from a crushed tablet should not be inhaled or diluted with liquid and injected into the body. Using this medicine by inhalation or injection can cause life-threatening side effects, overdose, or death.

Saturday, August 22, 2009

Important information about Soma

Important information about Soma
This medication may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Soma should never be given to another person, especially someone who has a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it. You may have withdrawal symptoms when you stop using Soma after using it over a long period of time. Do not stop using Soma suddenly without first talking to your doctor. You may need to use less and less before you stop the medication completely. Soma can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert. Avoid drinking alcohol. It can increase drowsiness and dizziness caused by Soma.
Before taking Soma
Do not use Soma if you are allergic to carisoprodol or meprobamate (Equanil, Miltown), or if you have porphyria.

Before using Soma, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:

*

epilepsy or other seizure disorder;
*

liver disease; or
*

kidney disease.

If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take Soma.
Soma may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Soma should never be given to another person, especially someone who has a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it. You may have withdrawal symptoms when you stop using Soma after using it over a long period of time. Withdrawal symptoms include stomach pain, sleep problems, headache, nausea, and seizure (convulsions). Do not stop using Soma suddenly without first talking to your doctor. You may need to use less and less before you stop the medication completely. Soma may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether Soma passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Do not give this medication to a child younger than 12 years old..